Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

What is Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)?

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a withdrawal syndrome that occurs in newborns who were exposed to certain substances, including opioids, during pregnancy. This group of conditions arises when a baby experiences withdraws from drugs they were exposed to in the womb before birth.

If you’re pregnant and taking opioids, talk to your healthcare provider before you stop taking them. If you’re not pregnant and you’re using opioids, use birth control until you can talk to your healthcare provider to make a plan before you’re ready to get pregnant.

According to the Tennessee Department of Health, opioids are the most common cause of NAS, though smoking while pregnant can make NAS more likely. For more information, visit the Tennessee Department of Health NAS page.

Signs and symptoms of NAS

• High-pitched crying
• Low birth weight and Failure to Thrive
• Rigid muscles
• Tremors or seizures
• Hyperactive reflexes
• Poor feeding/difficulty eating
• Difficulty sleeping
• Irritated skin from friction or movement
• Sweating
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Fever
• Irritability
• Excessive sucking
• Rapid breathing

How long does NAS last?

Symptoms related to NAS can last from one week to six months. Most babies are hospitalized for one to two weeks.

How is NAS treated?

Treatment may include:

• Taking medicines to treat or manage severe withdrawal symptoms
• Receiving fluids through an IV
• Drinking higher-calorie baby formula
• Skin to skin contact
• Swaddling
• Quiet surroundings and keeping lights low to help comfort a baby with NAS

The Sullivan County Regional Health Department is addressing Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome by working within the community to reduce the NAS rates through the following services:

• Working in collaboration with community initiatives to provide NAS, Family Planning education and resource referrals to high risk population within Sullivan County
• Providing informational sessions for patients/clients regarding NAS and Family Planning services to Medication Assisted Treatment Clinics, Pain Clinics, and Recovery Centers through the Judicial System.
• Working to educate local providers on community resources and providing up-to-date guidance on best practices regarding the NAS epidemic.